Climatic variations refers to the changes in climate patterns and conditions over time. This research area focuses on studying and analyzing the fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric factors that influence the Earth's climate. Researchers in this field investigate the causes of climatic variations, such as natural processes like volcanic eruptions and solar radiation, as well as human activities like deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding these variations is crucial for predicting future climate trends and developing strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change.